I want to share my approach to deciding which debts to prioritize when you have multiple at different interest rates.

First, I organize all debts by interest rate, highest to lowest.

Anything above 10% APR: pay as aggressively as possible. This is almost certainly higher than any risk-adjusted expected investment return. No amount of investing makes sense at scale while carrying 15%+ consumer debt.

Anything 7-10% APR: lean toward paying off, but not necessarily at the expense of capturing an employer 401k match.

Anything 4-7% APR: genuinely ambiguous. I typically split cash flow — half to debt, half to investments. The psychological benefit of making progress on both goals is real.

Anything below 4%: invest. The expected long-term equity return spread over this level is wide enough that investing is clearly better mathematically, and many such debts (mortgage, subsidized student loans) have tax deductibility that further reduces the effective rate.